电子商务及其基本法律问题

本文简单阐述了电子商务的概念、模式、基本流程及其基本法律问题和目前的立法现状，弄清这些问题，无论是对于从事电子商务还是IT产业的经营、管理以及进行相关的科研开发，都具有十分重要的意义。     

High energy-density propulsion—reducing the risk to humans in planetary exploration

The potential benefits to humankind of space exploration are tremendous. Space is not only the final frontier but is also the next marketplace. The orbital space above Earth offers tremendous opportunities for both strategic assets and commercial development. The critical obstacle retarding the use of the space around the Earth is the lack of low cost access to orbit. Further out, the next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next 30 years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. Both of these missions will change the outlook and perspective of every human being on the planet. However, these missions are expensive and extremely difficult. Chemical propulsion has demonstrated an inability to achieve orbit cheaply and is a very high-risk option to accomplish the Mars mission. An alternative solution is to develop a high performance propulsion system. Nuclear propulsion has the potential to be such a system. The question will be whether humanity is willing to take on the challenge.     

EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SPACE PLASMAS

The Cluster mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) will allow, for the first time three-dimensional measurements in key regions of the Earth's magnetosphere to be carried out. The European Numerical Simulation Network (ENSN) aims at providing a theoretical support to the mission. We describe the achievements of the ENSN during its first period of activity 1991–1994, during which the network was funded by the European Union. In particular, the ENSN has set up (i) thematic Working Groups on the prime scientific goals of the mission, (ii) a code development Working Group to develop numerical simulation codes specifically adapted to studying magnetospheric boundaries and the corresponding scale mixing, and (iii) software models of Cluster instruments to test in a numerical simulation what the set of four instruments will measure.     

Scientific Planning and Commanding of the Rosetta Payload

ESA’s Rosetta mission was launched in March 2004 and is on its way to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, where it is scheduled to arrive in summer 2014. It comprises a payload of 12 scientific instruments and a Lander. All instruments are provided by Principal Investigators, which are responsible for their operations. As for most ESA science missions, the ground segment of the mission consists of a Mission Operations Centre (MOC) and a Science Operations Centre (SOC). While the MOC is responsible for all spacecraft-related aspects and the final uplink of all command timelines to the spacecraft, the scientific operations of the instruments and the collection of the data and ingestion into the Planetary Science Archive are coordinated by the SOC. This paper focuses on the tasks of the SOC and in particular on the methodology and constraints to convert the scientific goals of the Rosetta mission to operational timelines.     

关于CCSDS音频、视频及静态图像通信业务建议的初步研究

音频、视频及静态图像通信 (简称 A/ V/ SI)是空间任务 (包括无人的及载人的航天任务 )中的重要业务。对 CCSDS关于 A/ V/ SI通信业务建议进行了分析研究 ,指出 CCSDS建议的音频、视频及静态图像的质量标准、编码方法和编码参数等与 ITU - T的有关建议是相互兼容的 ,对CCSDS的 A/ V/ SI通信建议在空间任务中的应用提出了初步看法     

具有年龄结构的离散流行病模型

离散的流行病模型能够更恰地描述某些流4行病的传播过程，本文针对恢复者不具有免疫力而被再次传染成为易感者的情况，提出了具有年龄结构的离散SIS（易感者Susceptible、染病者Infective、易感者Susceptible）模型，运用线性化方法，比较法及计算机模拟等方法对模型的动力学性态进行了较全面的研究，研究中引入基本再生数，其意义为在染病期内一个典型的染病者在完全易感的人群产生的新患者平均数，基本再生数决定平衡点的稳定性，文中主要得到了无病平衡点的全局稳定性，最后，对所研究的理论结果进行了计算机模拟。     

定数截尾试验下双参数指数寿命分布尺度参数的EB估计

本文讨论了在无替换定效截尾试验方案下,当产品寿命为双参数指数分布时,尺度参数(失效率)久的经验Bayes(简记EB)估计问题及其收敛速度。设在给定λ,μ下,产品寿命T服从双参数指数分布,其概率密度为 受试产品有n个,试验中前r个产品依次出现的失效时间为t_(1)≤t_(2)≤……≤t_(r)。令 则(x,y)为(μ,λ)的充分统计量。记(x,y)的联合边缘密度为f(x,y),若取二次损失函数,则λ的Bayes点估计为 利用密度函数及其偏导数的核估计,构造出λ的EB估计为 φ_(1n)(x,y)与φ_(1m)(x,y)的Bayes风险分别为 在一定的正则性条件下,我们证明了 这表明,λ的EB估计的收敛速度q可任意接近于1/2。     

基于POWER PC通用处理器的CPU模块设计

POWER PC通用处理器是一种低功耗超标量的RISC处理器。本文描述了基于POWER PC通用处理器的CPU模块的基本体系结构,并以Motorola通用处理器POWER PC603e为例,阐述了CPU模块的实现方法。     

飞机空中加油任务剖面优化设计

介绍了某型飞机执行作战任务途中何时进行空中加油，并按照最大航程截击对飞机各个飞行任务段的飞行性能进行了计算，得出了最佳巡航速度，确定了最优的加油时机和加油量。计算过程中采用了遗传算法，考虑了爬升过程和巡航过程中飞机变质量的难点问题，提高了计算结果的可信度。     

航空维修差错的研究

从航空维修差错带来的重大危害出发,提出航空维修差错的定义及基本特征,深入分析航空维修差错的几种模式,重点研究了最活跃、最突出的人为差错模式,并指出预防各种差错模式的方法和措施。